World: West and Central Africa — Irregular Migration Routes to Europe (2025)

Countries: World, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Gambia, Guinea, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone Source: International Organization for Migration Please refer to the attached Infographic. This document presents the situation of irregular arrivals to Europe, from January 2020 to December 2025, and fatalities on migration routes to Europe, focusing on movements departing from West and Central Africa (WCA). Data on registered arrivals to Europe by sea and by land are based on quarterly data from national authorities and compiled by IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM). Data on migrant fatalities is collected daily by IOM’s Missing Migrants Project from the media, eyewitnesses, NGOs, UN agencies, and governments. As documenting migrant deaths and disappearances is challenging, these figures should be considered as minimum estimates. In 2025, 25, 556 nationals of West and Central Africa arrived in Europe, representing 17 per cent of all arrivals. From January to December 2025, 3, 845 migrants have died or gone missing and are presumed dead while trying to cross the Western and Central Mediterranean, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Sahara Desert.

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